Epidermoid cysts commonly develop on the face, neck, and trunk, while pilar cysts most often occur on the scalp. These growths are usually benign, but a lump’s appearance and location alone cannot confirm what it is.
Below, we explain how these common skin cysts differ, what symptoms they may cause, and when to have a healthcare provider assess them.
What Are the Common Types of Skin Cysts?
Epidermoid and pilar cysts are common types of skin cysts. Both contain keratin, a protein found in skin, hair, and nails, but they have some distinguishing features.
Epidermoid (Sebaceous) Cysts
Epidermoid cysts typically appear as round bumps beneath the skin, sometimes with a small opening at the centre. They commonly develop on the face, neck, chest, and back, although they can occur elsewhere. Often called “sebaceous cysts,” these growths contain keratin and cellular debris rather than oil from a sebaceous gland.
Pilar Cysts
Pilar cysts, also called trichilemmal cysts, most often develop on the scalp. They usually feel like firm, smooth lumps beneath the skin and generally lack the central opening sometimes seen in epidermoid cysts. They can run in families, and some people develop more than one.
A healthcare provider can examine the lump to determine whether it is a cyst and discuss whether treatment is needed.
What Are Typical Symptoms of Skin Cysts?
Often, skin cysts do not cause any symptoms other than a noticeable bump beneath the skin. Depending on their size and location, they may catch on clothing or become irritated by brushing, shaving, or pressure.
If a cyst becomes inflamed or ruptures, you may notice:
- Swelling or redness
- Tenderness or pain
- Drainage of a thick substance
These symptoms do not always mean the cyst is infected, but they warrant a medical assessment. Avoid squeezing or trying to drain a cyst yourself, as this can worsen inflammation and increase the risk of infection and scarring.
When Should You See a Doctor About a Skin Cyst?
Have a healthcare provider assess any new or unexplained lump rather than assuming it is a cyst. If you have a diagnosed cyst, visit your doctor if it:
- Grows or changes in appearance
- Becomes painful, swollen, or irritated
- Drains or repeatedly becomes inflamed
- Interferes with everyday activities
Seek prompt medical care if you develop fever, spreading redness, or rapidly worsening pain. Even when a cyst is harmless, you can discuss removal if its appearance or discomfort bothers you.
For more information about skin cysts and available treatments, request a consultation using our online form or call us at (416) 663-9649 to schedule an appointment.
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